Therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction for comorbidity intervention (Table 2) Enhancing mitochondrial energy metabolism Mitochondrial protectants Coenzyme Q10, a well-established clinical therapeutic agent, is a component of the ETC and plays a dual role in facilitating electron transfer and exerting potent antioxidant effects
Then 75 percent
Filomeni G, De Zio D, Cecconi F (2015) Oxidative stress and autophagy: the clash between damage and metabolic needs
Consistent with other central nervous system injuries, microglia activation in TBI results in different phenotypes, including the pro-inflammatory M1 (neurotoxic) and anti-inflammatory M2 (neuroprotective) phenotypes (Galgano et al., 2017)
In addition, IL4R is highly expressed in M2-polarized, protumoral TAMs compared with M1-polarized, antitumoral macrophages, making IL4R a potential target for targeted drug delivery to TAMs 31,32