It activates the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, which tells fibroblasts (the cells that produce collagen) to ramp up production
Long-term deficiency may cause permanent nerve damage, serious anemia, mobility problems, cognitive decline, and heart-related complications
If it arrives warm after shipping, move it into controlled cold storage promptly and document the arrival condition if the vial is part of a formal research workflow
For multi-dose topical serums in airless pump bottles, the typical stability window is 3 to 6 months after opening at room temperature, longer if refrigerated
CTK solution (0.25% trypsin + 1 mg/mL collagenase IV + 1 mM CaCl 2 + 20% KSR in DPBS ()) was prepared with trypsin ((2.5%), no phenol red, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.), collagenase (type IV, powder, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.), calcium chloride dihydrate (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation), Knock Out TM Serum Replacement (KSR, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.)