In 2013, the World Health Organisation (WHO) 26 stated: the safety of ENDS has not been scientifically demonstrated and the potential risks they pose for the health of users remain undetermined
However, vaporizing the compounds in e-cigarette vape juice may carry its own side effects and health risks
Our results are consistent with several studies internationally that report different smoking-mortality RR associations by social group including by ethnicity 15 , sex 8 and country 21
Smoking also damages the lungs, impairs lung function, and reduces overall lung capacity
From 2012 to 2025, the most notable rate of growth in terms of purchases, amongst the main suppliers, was attained by the UK (with a CAGR of X%), while imports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth