Diarrhea showed a higher odds ratio at 6.60 compared to semaglutide alone at 2.37
The GHIGF-1 Axis: Regulation, Feedback, and Context The GHIGF-1 axis is a tightly regulated endocrine loop linking the hypothalamus, pituitary, liver, and peripheral tissues
Biotechnol Bioeng 40(8):904912 Salvemini F, Franz A, Iervolino A, Filosa S, Salzano S, Ursini MV (1999) Enhanced glutathione levels and oxidoresistance mediated by increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase expression
It also prevents lipogenesis, the physiological process that turns extra calories into fat
The authors also described that germ-free mice and mice orally administered antibiotics showed lower cecal SCFA concentrations and IGF-1 production, resulting in decreased bone growth (77)