Elevated intra-articular iron levels and altered expression of ferroptosis-related molecules such as ACSL4 and GPX4 have been associated with the severity of joint pain, cartilage damage, and functional decline ( In summary, ferroptosis is a shared pathological mechanism across multiple joint tissues in OA
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This review discusses recent clinical and laboratory studies investigating the neuroprotective properties of metformin against DM-induced neurodegeneration and the roles of various molecular pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and its related cascades
( In advanced atherosclerosis stages, prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), ACSL4, caspase-1, and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) expression is upregulated, while GPX4 is downregulated
In in vitro and in vivo models, ST2L transduces the effects of IL-33, while excess circulating sST2 leads to cardiac fibrosis and remodelling and ventricular dysfunction
