These toxicity endpoints can, for instance, be assessed in normal human bronchial epithelial cell cultures using High Content Screening [47, 48]
Cigarette smoke is not just unpleasant
This year we did see research suggesting that some teenagers experimenting with vaping go on to smoke when followed up a year later, and this included studies from the UK
Studies distinguishing between e-cigarettes with and without nicotine found increases in endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial vesicles, plasma myeloperoxidase, arterial stiffness, changes in nicotine receptors, alveolar macrophages, and mononuclear phagocytes, leading to altered inflammatory responses and increased pulmonary susceptibility in users of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes (29, 41, 46)
Nicotine from vaping can also lead to the slow development of brains among children, teens, and even fetuses