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The results were analyzed using the 2 -Ct (Livak) relative expression method

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Study: Association between cigarette smoking status, intensity, and cessation duration with long-term incidence of nine cardiovascular and mortality outcomes: The Cross-Cohort Collaboration (CCC)

And then, for people with symptoms, what was the likelihood their symptoms would go away across the four groups? The team found that only those who switched completely to e-cigarettes had a lower risk of developing respiratory symptoms and a higher likelihood that previous symptoms, if present, would go away